Lactose Intolerance
The disaccharide lactose is broken down in the small intestine by the enzyme lactase into galactose and glucose, which are then absorbed. In some adults, the consumption of milk or other lactose-containing foods leads to an intolerance known as lactose intolerance. This occurs when the body produces too little lactase, meaning lactose cannot be properly digested and is instead fermented by bacteria in the large intestine — causing discomfort and a range of symptoms.
Common symptoms include bloating, flatulence, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, lactose maldigestion, and in some cases, temporary low blood sugar levels accompanied by fatigue and difficulty concentrating.
There are two types of lactose intolerance: primary (adult-onset) and secondary. The primary form is genetically determined and persists throughout life, while the secondary form is triggered by intestinal diseases or damage to the intestinal lining and may be temporary.
Genetic testing plays a key role in distinguishing between the two forms, as treatment depends on the cause. In primary lactose intolerance, those affected typically manage symptoms by limiting or avoiding dairy products or using lactose-free alternatives. In contrast, individuals with secondary lactose intolerance may tolerate dairy again once the underlying condition has healed — for example, after recovery from intestinal inflammation or radiation therapy. In both cases, symptoms can also be alleviated by taking lactase enzyme supplements.
Molecular diagnostics focus on detecting two key mutations: -13190C>T and -22018G>A. Individuals with these variants retain the ability to digest lactose into adulthood.
With our attomol® lactose intolerance test kits, laboratory professionals can quickly and accurately determine the most relevant genetic variants associated with primary lactose intolerance. We offer three different testing methods, allowing flexibility based on your laboratory setup.
Our products are developed under a certified quality management system, and many are IVDR-certified.
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